INTRODUCTION TO GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING

Discussion
Heterogeneity makes a cancer not just a single disease and this poses a significant challenge to the treatment of cancer patients. With the advent of genome-wide mo- lecular profiling of cancers, especially the advancements in gene expression profiling[r]

Emerging technologies, such as gene expression profiling, are increasingly valued as powerful tools for new biomarker identification [20–24]. Data from gene expression profiling is generated from the analysis of hybridization microarray, which is a powerful[r]

16. Affymetrix: An Analysis of Blood Processing Methods to Prepare Samples forGeneChip® Expression Profiling 2003.17. Affymetrix: GeneChip® Globin-Reduction Kit Handbook 2004.18. Vartanian K, Slottke R, Johnstone T, Casale A, Planck SR, Choi D, Smith JR,Rosenbaum JT, Harrington[r]

lines by expression profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99:12357-12362.11. Qin LX, Beyer RP, Hudson FN, Linford NJ, Morris DE, Kerr KF: Evaluation ofmethods for oligonucleotide array data via quantitative real-time PCR.BMC Bioinformatics 2006, 7:23.12. Nardon E, Donada M, Bonin S,[r]

Current knowledge about the molecular properties and prognostic markers of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is sparse and often based on bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), which is thought to share common risk factors with UTUC.

apy. Nevertheless, the presented genes for distinctionseem to maintain their value, independent from whetheror not the patient had been treated. However, cautionmust be applied, since in the test set did not contain addi-tional SCLC samples and larger sample size is neededwhich includes sampl[r]

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) arises from multiple organs and accounts for the most common types of salivary gland malignancies. Currently, patients with unresectable and metastatic MEC have poor long-term clinical outcomes and no targeted therapies are available.

Human breast cancer represents a significantly heterogeneous disease. Global gene expression profiling measurements have been used to classify tumors into multiple molecular subtypes. The capacity to define subtypes of breast tumors provides a framework to enable improved understanding of the mechan[r]

processes, such as the cell cycle, circadian rhythm,MAPK signaling pathway, small cell lung cancer andp53 signaling pathway (Table 1). Furthermore, GOterm analysis for individual clusters highlighted thecommonality and discrepancy of cellular responses toligand stimulation in the absence or presence[r]

Invasive breast cancers are now commonly classified using gene expression into biologically and clinically distinct tumor subtypes. However, the role of obesity in breast tumor gene expression and intrinsic subtype is unknown.

of gene expression data.Then choosing appropriate scales and the number ofscales are imminent issues. Scale is the inverse of frequency.Once the mother wavelet is chosen, the computation willstart from high frequencies and proceed towards low fre-quencies. This first value of scale will[r]

doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06895.xMixed lineage leukemias (MLLs) are histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4)-spe-cific methylases that play a critical role in regulating gene expression inhumans. As chromatin condensation, relaxation and differential geneexpression are keys to correct ce[r]

reports in which very sensitive RT-PCR assays were used todetect tk (and ICP0) gene transcripts in some but not allTG during latent infection [5,25]. In those previousreports, an assay that included a radioactive Southernblotting step subsequent to RT-PCR could detect singlecopies of t[r]

ras and Pten in the development of mouse models of endometriosisand endometrioid ovarian cancer. Nat Med 2005, 11:63-70.30. Flesken-Nikitin A, Choi KC, Eng JP, Shmidt EN, Nikitin AY: Induction ofcarcinogenesis by concurrent inactivation of p53 and Rb1 in the mouseovarian surface epithelium. Cancer R[r]

against low-Nm23-expressing human breast carcinoma and melanoma cell lines.Nature Med. 3, 395–401 (1997).19. Koo, H M. et al. Enhanced sensitivity to 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine andtopoisomerase II inhibitors in tumor cell lines harboring activated ras oncogenes.J. Natl Cancer Inst. 56, 52[r]

Germany.7 Riley RL, Blomberg BB & Frasca D (2005) B cells,E2A, and aging. Immunol Rev 205, 30–47.8 Ikawa T, Kawamoto H, Wright LYT & Murre C(2004) Long-term cultured E2A-deficient hematopoieticprogenitor cells are pluripotent. Immunity 20, 349–360.9 Lazorchak AS, Wojciechowski J, Dai[r]

The effective management of knowledge in translationalresearch setting [1, 2] is a major challenge and opportu-nity for pharmaceutical research and development com-panies. The wealth of data generated in experimentalmedicine studies and cli nical trials can inform the questfor next generation drugs[r]

ines in the regulation of dendritic cell trafficking. J Leukoc Biol1999, 66:1-9.15. von Andrian UH, MacKay CR: T-cell function and migration. NEngl J Med 2000, 343:1020-1034.16. Thomas J, Kanangat S, Rouse BT: Herpes simplex virus replica-tion-induced expression of chemokines and proinflamma-[r]

Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli,Turkey(Received 13 March 2009, revised 26 May2009, accepted 29 June 2009)doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07182.xThe dmdR1 gene of Streptomyces coelicolor encodes an important regulatorof iron metabolism. An antiparallel gene (adm) homologous to