3.1 Scalability of Protocols The term scalability means that the number of users and/or the traffic volume can be increased with rea- sonably small performance degradation or even net- work outage and without changing the system compo- nents and[r]
The GeoGRID [Liao et al., 2000] protocol is also for geocast. It is modified from the GRID protocol. As mentioned earlier, the GRID protocol divides the network area into several nonoverlapping squares called grids. Geocasting messages are sent in a grid-by-grid manner through grid leaders. However,[r]
When you think of applying distributed TC in practical settings, you have to face several problems, mainly because of the fact that some (or many) of the assumptions on which the protocol design is based may not hold. One such striking example is the assumption that all the nodes have the same maxim[r]
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c onferencing, disaster recovery, wireless sensor networks [20], and GSM (Global System for Mobile Telecommunications) service extension covering dead spots [1]. For an extensive description of MANET, refer to [19]. This article investigates energy efficient multicast for[r]
3.5.1 Simulation 1. Simple Topology Using the simple scenario in Fig 3.1 , we illustrate how DCAR is vulnerable to flow-arrival times and how our proposed protocol SCAR can withstand this variability. We start with a flow from node 1 to node 2, and then, add a new flow from node
3.2.3. Scenario III—low mobility Low mobility was simulated to represent close to a best case scenario, where the nodes do not lose links very frequently. This case can be used to demonstrate an upper bound on en- ergy savings in an ad hoc wireless environment. Low mobil- ity[r]
This special issue contains twelve papers selected from submissions through open calls and the technical program of the Fourth Annual International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications (WASA 2009), held in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, during August 16–18,[r]
In WRP, nodes exchange update messages with their neighbors both periodically and as a result of link changes. Such is the case of a link loss between two nodes, e.g. A and B. In such cases, A and B send update information to their neighbors, which in turn modify their tables
5. Conclusion In this chapter the importance of CAC in wireless networks for providing QoS guarantees has been investigated. CAC algorithms are important for wireless networks not only for providing the expected QoS requirements to mobile us[r]
The blinking indicates how often you are polling for access points. NetStumbler is an active network-scanning tool, so it is constantly sending out “Hello” packets to see if any wireless networks will answer. Other wireless tools, such as the Kismet tool discussed later in this[r]
automatic assignment method. However, this would require extensions to the network protocols and thus increase network complexity and protocol overheads. † Market-based reservation charging. This method entails an auctioning procedure for acquiring network resources. Users p[r]
denoted by and respectively. Thus‚ is also equivalent to 1 in later derivations. For the sake of simplicity‚ we also assume that all packet transmission times are multiples of the length of a time-slot. We derive the protocol’s throughput based on the heavy-traffic assumption‚ i.e.‚[r]
MIMO-LEACH protocol is designed with multi-hop routing and incorporates a Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) scheme for inter-cluster communication. Figure 10 shows the architecture of the multi-hop MIMO-LEACH scheme. In each cluster, a star topology is maintained with t[r]
A logically separate version of TORA is run for each destination to which routing is required. The following discussion focuses on a single version running for a given destination, j. TORA can be separated into three basic functions: creating routes, maintaining routes, and er[r]
The Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol [13] is a typical example of the on-demand protocols, where each data packet carries in its header the complete ordered list of nodes the packet passes through. This is done by having each node maintain a route cache that learns and caches[r]
messages that say so. Whilst a host will simply choose one of these as its default gateway and send all packets to that one router, routers need to make an informed choice about where to send a packet. To make this choice, a router will consult its routing tables (Figure 3.15). Such tables,[r]
Chapter 6 - Wireless internet and m-business. In this chapter we will discuss: Wireless devices, m-business, wireless internet access, wireless web technology, software applications for wireless devices, wireless local area networks (WLANs), bluetooth, wireless communications, location tracking, fut[r]