PIK3CA DEPENDENCE AND SENSITIVITY TO THERAPEUTIC TARGETING IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

Many urothelial carcinomas (UC) contain activating PIK3CA mutations. In telomerase-immortalized normal urothelial cells (TERT-NHUC), ectopic expression of mutant PIK3CA induces PI3K pathway activation, cell proliferation and cell migration.

We designed a single-arm, open-label phase II trial of everolimus in PIK3CA amplification/mutation and/or PTEN loss patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapy. The study did not meet its primary objective of demonstrating the anti-tumor activity of everolimus in PIK3CA amplif[r]

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations that activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway have been observed in several types of carcinoma and have been associated with patient prognosis.

After analysis of minor RAS mutations (KRAS exon 3, 4/NRAS) in the FIRE-3 and PRIME studies, an expanded range of RAS mutations were established as a negative predictive marker for the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibody treatment. BRAF and PIK3CA mutations may be candidate biomarkers for anti-EGFR targe[r]

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a more aggressive subset of breast cancer. A better understanding of its biology could allow the rational development of targeted therapies. High EGFR protein expression and exon 9 PIK3CA activating mutations are independent prognostic factors in TNBC. The e[r]

the low frequency of PIK3CA mutations [21, 23].
Although allele-specific mutation testing, including py- rosequencing and mass-spectrometry based assays, was shown to be more sensitive than regular direct sequen- cing, its potential disadvantage is the ability to assess only limited hotspot[r]

The relationships among PIK3CA mutations, medication use and tumor progression remains poorly understood. Aspirin use post-diagnosis may modify components of the PI3K pathway, including AKT and mTOR, and has been associated with lower risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality.

CHƯƠNG 1: ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ DƯỢC LIỆUI TRẮC NGHIỆM1. Ai được suy tôn là tổ sư ngành y học hiên đại phương Tây:A. Hyppocrates (Yh Hy lạp)B. Celus(Yh. La Mã)C. Dioscorides(Yh. La Mã)D. Galen(Yh. La Mã)2. Chọn câu SAI A. Thời Trung Cổ (5751300)đB. Thời Cận Đại (17071778)sC. Thời Phục Hưng (13001650)đD.[r]

Đồ án tốt nghiệp 1 GVHD: Trương Thị Minh Hạnh Chương 7TÍNH XÂY DỰNG7.1. Tính nhân lực lao động7.1.1. Chế độ làm việc của nhà máyDo điều kiện khí hậu ở nước ta chỉ thuận lợi cho việc trồng mía và thu hoạch theo mùa. Do đó, các nhà máy đường đều sản xuất theo mùa vụ, mỗi vụ khoảng 6 đến 7 tháng, từ th[r]