organization. Second, left-wing parties that can make credible commitments are likely to advocatelower levels of redistribution. Third, older parties are more likely to exhibit the organizationnecessary to make credible commitments than younger parties.Parties’ ability to credibly comm[r]
firms with significant (or even complete) state ownership (SOEs)—a common feature of transitioneconomies—where there is often little effective separation between government and business: insuch firms, fundamental conflicts-of-interest are more likely to arise because of the[r]
In this research, we discuss the impacts of labour provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) to which Vietnam is a party in aspects of politics, institutions, law and economy. We find that the impacts are a mixture of both positives and negatives. Positive effects include a more and more de[r]
industrial countries and the newlyindustrializing countriesCauses of These Conditions?• Some argue that continuing OPECescalation of oil prices through limitedproduction is root cause• Had some effect but too simple an answer• More profound changes in world economicstructure wer[r]
and explicitly provide stability conditions. It is shown that it is difficult to judgewhether the system has a unique equilibrium and the dynamic model may be unstable.Section 2.3 studies trade pattems of the two-country system when the parameters aretaken on some[r]
Although there has been much to boast about in advanced countries regarding ecommerce as a viable business strategy, many doubt its application to developing countries. Several papers examine individual case studies from advanced developing countries but few have presented a systemic focus on the ec[r]
just perceived but realized. This concern should be addressed through appropriate and crediblemedium-term fiscal frameworks, such as increased emphasis on containing the ratio of publicdebt to GDP, and the introduction of fiscal rules of the sort used in [r]
• Self-Study Software• Multiple-Choice Quizzes• Flashcards for Testing andKey TermsIn our last chapter, we learned some important lessons from capital market history. Most important, we learned that there is a reward, on average,for bearing risk. We called this reward a risk premium. The seco[r]
In 1986, the Government of Vietnam initiated a transition from the existing centrally planned economy to a marketoriented economy where the Government would keep playing a leading role. These renovation (doi moi) policies were very successful at generating economic growth and reducing poverty. In th[r]
Food Sec. (2011) 3:111–112DOI 10.1007/s12571-010-0090-3BOOK REVIEWMatthew P. Reynolds (Ed): Climate change and cropproductionCAB International, Wallingford, 292pp. 2010Peter J. GregoryReceived: 29 November 2010 / Accepted: 29 November 2010 / Published online: 7 December 2010# Springer Science+Busine[r]
... change in earning distributions of the urban Chinese economy, with quantile regression and counterfactual decomposition analysis Specifically, we examine how the wage distribution has changed in urban. .. observed in many countries during the last decade In this paper, we analyzed the change in[r]
C. badnessD. ugliness10/ It makes us aware of our global responsibilities.A. nationalB. worldlyC. universalD. overallIV/ Select the antonym of the following bold and underlined word in each sentencein the unit:1/ The mass media has become one of th[r]
Chapter 3 reviews the process of creating an economydominated by the private sector. It discusses the role ofentry by new private business and, in particular, the priva-tization of state-owned firms, farms, housing, and commercial real estate. It analyzes wh[r]
are liberalized and reserve requirements are reduced in the first stage of liberalization. Ina second stage entry barriers are removed and directed credit systems (and other forms ofcredit control) are eliminated. Only in the final stage are state banks privatized and isprudenti[r]
In recent years, the economic crisis in Vietnam has crept into every industry. Real estate bubble, bad debts, gold speculation, and unemployment are the frequently mentioned through the mass media, the scientific research or more in the daily life of every citizen of Vietnam. It no longer lies in th[r]
The present study usesfirm survey data of 1033 manufacturingfirms operating in Ethiopia in 2011 to examine the impact of Chinese outbound direct investment on the productivity of domesticfirms. Particularly, we attempt to answer two questions. Firstly, are Chineseowned (henceforth foreign)firms more[r]
Paddy is a predominant kharif crop of Uttar Pradesh as well as the country and plays a major role in augmenting the income of small and marginal farmers of Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. One of the major constraints of traditional paddy cultivation is low productivity due to non-adoption of re[r]
Agricultural growth has long been recognized as an important instrument for poverty reduction. Yet, measurements of this relationship are still scarce and not always reliable. The authors present additional evidence at both the sectoral and household levels based on recent data. Results show that ru[r]
The Purpose of This Study is To understand the Growth of Korean Economy since 1990 •Based on two linear stochastic models, which contrast the institutional changes Korea went through after the Financial Crisis •To measure the relative contributions of various shocks to the growth path of Korea[r]