TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL TRIALS

Why is it that the results of RCTs often do not confirm the results observed in clinical practice? There are
several reasons. One of the problems is that both the provider and the patient are likely to interpret any improvement as being solely a result of the interventi[r]

Beyond the issues of indistinguishability, equivalence and clinical effect, a very serious issue is the lack of determination of the level of blinding in the vast major- ity of these studies. In many cases, a result in favor of the manipulation group[r]

Recently published data from Cohen and col- leagues 5 provide strong support for the notion that earlier treatment, even among asymptomatic indi- viduals, may reduce the incidence of clinical coro- nary heart disease. These investigators examined the effect of two nonsense mu[r]

However, several obstacles have limited progress toward efficient gene transfer into HSCs. Some are methodologic. No in vitro assays exist to identify and quanti- tate true human stem cells. Further, gene transfer strategies efficient in transduction of in vitro surrogates, such as day 14 col[r]

Critical Care August 2002 Vol 6 No 4 Balk
Targeted administration of anti-endotoxin therapy
Endotoxemia has been the target of previous clinical trials evaluating the potential benefit of binding and/or neutralizing endotoxin in an attempt to improve the[r]

Clinical trials are necessary for the advancement of cancer treatment and care, however low rates of participation in such trials limit the generalisability of findings.

Prospective trials have demonstrated the advantage of dose-escalated radiotherapy for the biochemical and clinical control of intermediate risk prostate cancer. Dose escalation improves outcomes but increases risks of urinary and bowel toxicity.

Few clinical trials have been reported for patients with intermediate-risk neuroblastoma because of the scarcity of the disease and the variety of clinical and biological characteristics. A multidisciplinary treatment that consists of multidrug chemotherapy and surgery is expected to lead to a good[r]

Randomized controlled trials have established concurrent chemo-radiotherapy as the preferred treatment option for inoperable local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Because many patients have multiple co-morbidities and would not fulfill the eligibility criteria of[r]

Another area of challenge is assessing response to targeted therapy combinations. For many years, the standard way to assess a patient’s response to treatment has been to measure tumor size on longitudinal computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, using bidimensional[r]

The objective was to perform a comprehensive systematic review of all phase III randomized clinical trials published over the last decade comparing GEM to combination therapies for patie[r]

Preclinical studies targeting death receptors DR4 and -5 have demonstrated that recombinant, soluble, human TRAIL or humanized monoclonal antibodies with agonist activity against DR4 or -5 can induce apoptosis of tumor cells while sparing normal cells. The mechanisms for this sele[r]

syndrome described by soldiers of that war. Experiences gathered from the Vietnam War eventually led to incorporation of PTSD in the DSM-III.
According to the DSM-IV, PTSD requires some basic criteria to be ful- filled: exposure to a traumatic event which is then persistently re- e[r]

Although the benefit of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) over chemotherapy has been demonstrated in several clinical trials, data from clinical practice is lacking and the optimal EGFR TKI to be used remains unclear.

20. Shaw AT, Yeap BY, Solomon BJ, Riely GJ, Gainor J, Engelman JA, Shapiro GI, Costa DB, Ou SH, Butaney M, Salgia R, Maki RG, Varella-Garcia M, Doebele RC, Bang YJ, Kulig K, Selaru P, Tang Y, Wilner KD, Kwak EL, Clark JW, Iafrate AJ, Camidge DR: Effect of crizotinib on overall survival in pat[r]

Pain self-management support interventions were effective in controlled clinical trials and meta analyses. However, implementation of these complex interventions may not translate into identical effects.

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a disease of older age, but there is a relative lack of knowledge about effects of chemotherapy in older patients as they are under-represented in clinical trials.

Some authors also point out that subgroup analyses are weakened by the fact that they generally examine features that may influence results one by one. Thus drug response is com- pared by gender, then by race, then by social class, and so on. This is equivalent, as described previously (see Chapter[r]

Preparations from Cannabis sativa have been used for
many centuries both medicinally and recreationally. However, the chemical structure of their unique active components — the CANNABINOIDS — was not elucidated until the early 1960s. As they are highly hydrophobic, cannabinoids were init[r]

Chk1 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials in combination with a range of cytotoxic agents and have the potential to potentiate the clinical activity of a large number of standard of care chemotherapeutic agents.