PROFESSIONAL MULTICORE PROGRAMMING DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR C DEVELOPERS PDF DOWNLOAD

and single-accumulation are dual operations.
A duality relation also exists between a gather and a scatter operation as well as between a multi-broadcast and a multi-accumulation operation.
A scatter operation can be implemented by a top-down traversal of a spanning tree whe[r]

2.7.1.1 Cache Size
Using the same hardware technology, the access time of a cache increases (slightly) with the size of the cache because of an increased complexity of the addressing. But using a larger cache leads to a smaller number of replacements as a smaller cache, since more cache blocks can[r]

be described in the following.
The connectivity of a hypercube is at most k, i.e., nc(G) ≤ k, since each node can be completely disconnected from its neighbors by deleting all k neighbors or all k adjacent edges. To show that the connectivity is at least k, we show that there are exactly k indepen[r]

update-based protocol in the example from above (p. 75), processor P 1 can observe
the write operation of P 3 at time t 3 and can update the value of u in its local cache C 1 accordingly. Thus, at time t 4 , P 1 reads the correct value 7.
The technique of bus snooping relies on the[r]

is sometimes referred to as memory wall. This makes the use of high-bandwidth
memory architectures with an efficient cache hierarchy necessary [17].
All these reasons inhibit a processor performance increase at the previous rate using the traditional techniques. Instead, new processor architectu[r]

}
Process 0 first sends a message to process 2 and then to process 1. Process 1 receives a message from process 0 and forwards it to process 2. Process 2 receives two mes- sages in the order in which they arrive using MPI ANY SOURCE . In this scenario, it can be expected that process[r]

In [34], several concerns about the BSP model are formulated. First, the length
of the supersteps must be sufficiently large to accommodate arbitrary h-relations.
This has the effect that the granularity cannot be decreased below a certain value. Second, messages sent within a superstep can only[r]

In this section, we give an overview of MPI according to [55, 56]. An MPI pro- gram consists of a collection of processes that can exchange messages. For MPI-1, a static process model is used, which means that the number of processes is set when starting the MPI program and cannot be c[r]

operations of the calling application program and the communication operations of functions of the program library must be distinguished. If the same communicator is used, an error may occur, e.g., if the application program calls MPI Irecv() with communicator MPI COMM WORLD using source MP[r]

In practice, superlinear speedup can sometimes be observed, i.e., S p (n) > p can
occur. The reason for this behavior often lies in cache effects: A typical parallel program assigns only a fraction of the entire data set to each processor. The fraction is selected such that the processor[r]

benchmarks are Whetstone [36, 39], which has originally been formulated in For- tran to measure floating-point performance, and Dhrystone [174] to measure inte-
ger performance in C. The performance measured by Whetstone or Dhrystone is measured in specific units as KWhetstone[r]

d-dimensional hypercube takes at least ( p − 1) / log p time steps. There are algo- rithms that attain this lower bound and we construct one of them in the following according to [19].
The multi-broadcast operation is considered as a set of single-broadcast opera- tions, one for[r]

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The idea of parallelizing compilers is to transform a sequential program into an
efficient parallel program by using appropriate compiler techniques. This approach
is also called automatic parallelization. To generate the parallel program, the com-
piler must first analyze the dependencies bet[r]

is called a parallel region and is executed in parallel by all threads of the team.
The parallel execution mode can be an SPMD style; but an assignment of different tasks to different threads is also possible. OpenMP provides directives for different execution modes, which will be de[r]