The literature suggests two major approaches for solving the sparse data problem: smoothing and class based methods. Smoothing methods es- timate the probability of unobserved cooccurrences using frequency information (Good, 1953; Ka[r]
The Steepest-Descent Method 219 7.4 The Steepest-Descent Method The mean square error surface with respect to the coefficients of an FIR filter, is a quadratic bowl-shaped curve, with a single global minimum that corresponds to[r]
Non-Technical Summary Recent theoretical advances in New-Keynesian macroeconomics have de-emphasized the role of money in the design of monetary policy. Optimal interest rate policy in New-Keynesian models with price rigidities is conducted with reference to inflatio[r]
The present investigation for genetic variability was made based on the data recorded for sixteen yield and yield contributing quantitative and qualitative characters in twenty one rice genotypes using statistical tool.There are significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters unde[r]
the degradations caused by the Stolt mapping on squinted data have been identified and quantified for a zero-Doppler output geometry. As a solution, a generalized wave number domain processing in an output geometry close to the ac- quisition geometry is pr[r]
Choose "make model" and "run model" to obtain the full range of JMP graphic and analytical outputs for the selected model. 5. Examine the fitted model plot, normal plot of effects, interaction plots, residual plots, and ANOVA statistics ([r]
The numbers dramatically different than the others are those by Maddison — whose estimates are for total output, not for output per person or per worker — and Abramovitz and David (2000)[r]
Errors in Variables For a variety of reasons, many economic variables are measured with error. For example, macroeconomic time series are often based, in large part, on surveys, and they must therefore suffer from sampling variability. Whenever there are measurement err[r]
An experiment was conducted to study the combining ability analysis using six parental genotypes and thirty hybrids of pumpkin obtained through full diallel analysis for yield and its attributing traits. The mean sum of square due to general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sc[r]
A Latin square combiner is inherently balanced, because for any particular value of one input, the other input can produce any possible output value. A Latin square can be treated as an array of substitution tables, each of which are inverti[r]
measures. However, this study is not without limitations. The current sample was predominantly female (84%) and Caucasian (79%), limiting generalizability to other patient populations. Additionally, only a subset of the sample experienced what might be considered clinically mean[r]
Contruction -Breadth of Eiffel tower:125 meters on each pillar of the Eiffel Tower - Surface area of Eiffel Tower: 220000 square meters - Total weight : 10,100 tons - Weight excluding th[r]
2202 F Chapter 32: The VARMAX Procedure Output 32.1.11 shows the innovation covariance matrix estimates, the various information criteria results, and the tests for white noise residuals. The residuals have significant correlations at lag 2[r]
semilogy(gamma_db,Ps_approx,’b:’); 7. See figure. The approximation error decreases with SNR because the approximate formula is based on nearest neighbor approximation which becomes more realistic at higher SNR. The nearest neighbor bound over-estimates the
5 Cubature and sampling on Smolyak grids In this section, we prove asymptotically sharp upper and lower bounds for the error of optimal cubature on Smolyak grids. Note that the degree of freedom in the cubature method reduces to the choice of[r]
68 TRANG 9 4.18 H1 error of the thermal quarter annulus problem, using NURBS of degree 5 in micro space.. 70 4.19 L2 error of the thermal quarter annulus problem, using NURBS of degree 5[r]
Alternative estimators have been derived for estimating the variance components according to Iterative Almost Unbiased Estimation (IAUE). As a result two modified IAUEs are introduced. The relative performances of the proposed estimators and other estimators are studied by simulating their bias, Mea[r]
It is difficult to imagine how well real-time forecasting might have performed his- torically: the large rise in unemployment during 1919–1920 seems to have been unan- ticipated at the time, and induced real hardship, leading to considerable social unrest. Conversely, while the[r]
SNRoutput characterized by Equation 2.62, where the theoretical BER for a BPSK modem in a multi-path channel environment was approximated as : PBPSK,, (SNRtnput) = PLpSK(SNRoutput), (2.63) where PLPSK and PLpsK,, represent the BER probability in a Gaus[r]