AERODYNAMICS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS 6E PDF

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chapter is not a survey of programming languages, nor is it an attempt to recommendone language over another. Rather, we wish to discuss the features that a good pro-gramming language should have from the viewpoint of the software engineer. We limitour discussion to “traditional” procedural language[r]

158 Chapter 12 ■ Design patternsThese relationships between components are the essence of the MVC pattern. Theadvantages are that the model, the view or the controller can be changed withoutaffecting any other part of the system. Furthermore, additional views and controls canbe added easily.In the s[r]

languages, such as Fortran and Cobol, impose a fixed formatting style on the program-mer. Components of statements are constrained to lie within certain columns on eachinput source line. For example, Fortran reserves columns 1 through 5 for statement labelsand columns 7 through 72 f[r]

IntroductionCHAPTER12Design patternsThis chapter explains:■ how to use design patterns during development■ several major design patterns■ some valuable anti-patterns.>>BELL_C12.QXD 1/30/05 4:22 PM Page 151152 Chapter 12 ■ Design patternsperiod of time, experienced programmers build up[r]

programs written in strongly typed languages are clearer, more reliable, and moreportable. Strong typing necessarily places some restrictions on what a programmer maydo with data objects. However, this apparent decrease in flexibility is more than com-pensated for by the increased security an[r]

moveUp, moveDown, moveLeft, and moveRight. Examples of alien properties are:xCoord, yCoord, and size.Sometimes there is a choice over whether to make something a property or amethod, and the choice is a matter of style. For example, to change the color of a com-ponent we could have a method c[r]

Notice that although the method leads us to a structure for a piece of software thatis expressed in terms of well-defined, independent components, we still have to designthe detail of each and every component; we have to carry out the low-level or detaileddesign. This emphasizes that data flo[r]

Exercises 997.1 Review the arguments for and against goto statements and criticize their validity.7.2 State in your own words what structured programming is. Imagine that you meet afriend who is used to programming using gotos. Explain in simple clear language whatstructured programming is.7.[r]

118 Chapter 9 ■ Data flow designIn general, a piece of software will require that several transformations are carriedout on its input data streams and that, after the main processing, several transforma-tions are carried out on its output data streams. We can use an analogy from outsidecomputing. To[r]

138 Chapter 10 ■ Data structure designThe main reference on this method is: M.J. Jackson, Principles of Program Design,Academic Press, 1997.Read all about the many serial file formats in mainstream use in: Gunter Born, The FileFormats Handbook, International Thomson Publishing, 1995.Answers to self-[r]

goto is too primitive an instruction – like a machine instruction to loada register – that can be used in a whole variety of circumstances, but does not clearlyconvey its meaning in any of them.In summary, the goto lacks expressive power and it is therefore difficult to under-stand the logic of a pr[r]

testingSystemtestingFigure 21.1 The waterfall modelSELF-TEST QUESTION21.1 Draw up a process model for preparing a meal, including buying theingredients and washing up afterwards. Don’t forget to identify theproduct at each stage.The inputs and outputs for each step of the waterfall mod[r]

3. write a new filter and combine it with existing filters using pipes.Combining filters is rather like writing programs, but at a higher level – the Unixfilters are the language primitives, and pipes provide the mechanism for combiningthem to produce more powerful facilities. The command lan[r]

One way to try to test whether it does indeed cause all statements to be executed is touse a profiler. A profiler is a software package that monitors the testing by insertingprobes into the software under test. When testing takes place, the profiler can exposewhich pieces of the code are not execute[r]

298 Chapter 22 ■ The spiral modelThe distinctive feature of the spiral model is that it makes explicit the idea of risk.We have seen (Chapter 1) that during software development there can be difficult prob-lems to be overcome. The spiral model explicitly recognizes that there are uncertaintiesassoci[r]

writing code and claims that he wrote it “just for fun”!Torvalds targeted developer forums and websites, posting an early release of the ker-nel and requesting feedback and contributions. Increased contributions and collabora-tions between GNU/Linux and GNU groups meant that distribution of b[r]

1. a file sort program, because you never know how long the file will be2. A web browser program, because you do not know in advancehow big a web page will be.15.9 In an array, all items after the insertion point have to be moved downthe array, a time-consuming process. In a dynamic structure, only[r]

However, the widely used language C++ provides multiple inheritance, as doesEiffel. In such a language, a class can inherit from not just one but several superclasses.In life we are not just a person, we also belong to other categories, such as brothers,daughters, soccer lovers, carnivores. So a cla[r]

228 Chapter 16 ■ Programming in the largeimplement every method described in the interface. Any deviation results in compilererrors.We can describe the relationship between a class and its interface using a UML classdiagram. See for example Figure 16.2. In a UML class diagram, an interface is[r]