Figure 11.18 A stagnant film. The effect of mass transfer rates on the mass transfer coefficient We still face the task of finding the mass transfer coefficient, g m,i . The most obvious way to do this would be to apply the same methods we used to find the [r]
131 SUMMARY In the previous chapters we mainly discussed chemical reactions and the heat and mass transport processes in the catalyst pellet. The basic mathematical models and numerical or analytical methods to solve these model equations have been also introduc[r]
SCHEMATIC: ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (b) Plate-radiator behaves as an extended surface with one-dimensional conduction, and (c) Radiating tip condition. ANALYSIS: The finite-difference network with 10 nodes and a space increment ∆ x = 0.1 m is shown in the sche[r]
The literature review above clearly shows that using nanofluid can effectively improve the heat convective performance, but will also increase the pipeline pressure drop and pumping energy. Using nanofluid with a high heat convective performance for heat exchange can help[r]
§9.7 Forced convection boiling in tubes 499 Figure 9.19 The influence of heat flux on two-phase flow behavior. strongly affected by the mass flow rate and quality. Building a model to capture these complicated and competing trends has presented a challenge to researche[r]
However, since copper deposition is a cathodic reaction, the diffuse layer overpotential is usually supposed negative, of which contradiction is, as discussed in Section 2.3, solved by the adsorption of cation such as proton in the double layer, where the positive charges of protons adsor[r]
KNOWN: An electric cable with an insulating sleeve experiences convection with adjoining air and radiation exchange with large surroundings. FIND: (a) Verify that prescribed temperature distributions for the cable and insulating sleeve satisfy their appropriate heat di[r]
- The recently known values of p w i and X J are introduced into the mass equilibrium equations which can be solved after a series of iterative operations up to the algorithm convergence. - At the beginning of the next vaporization stage, the system is restarted with t[r]
COMMENTS: (1) From the band-emission fraction calculation, part (a), note the substantial difference between the fractions for the daylight and incandescent sources. The fractions are a measure of the relative amount of total radiant power that is useful for lighting (visual illumination)[r]
(b) It is possible that the temperature gradients within the web-rib regions – rather than just the upper surface temperature differentials – might be important for understanding the panel’s response to cooling. Using the Temperature Contours command (with the From start to stop option), we saw[r]
Aluminum transmission line with a diameter of 20 mm having an electrical resistance of R ′ = 2.636 × 10 -4 ohm/m carrying a current of 700 A subjected to severe cross winds. To reduce potential fire hazard when adjacent lines make contact and spark, insulation is to be applied. (a) The[r]
Enhancement of the kinetic of the oxygen reduction reaction compared to PAFC (Qingfeng et al., 2000). 2. Mass transport in polymer electrolyte membranes fuel cells As previously described, a fuel cell is an electrochemical reactor, in which reactants are consumed, and consequen[r]
metal nanoparticles are also being developed for other purposes, such as medical applications including cancer therapy. The interdisciplinary nature of nanofluid research presents a great opportunity for exploration and discovery at the frontiers of nanotechnology. Porous media heat[r]
Substantially Augmenting Heat and Mass Transfer, ASME-71-HT-38, ASME, New York. Sephton, H. H. (1975). Upflow Vertical Tube Evaporation of Sea Water with Interface En- hancement: Process Development by Pilot Plant Testing, Desalination, 16, 1–13. Shah, R. K., and
The experiments demonstrated that the solutocapillary convection displays well-defined non-stationary properties. The interaction between the buoyancy and the Marangoni convective flows is responsible for the onset of auto-oscillation regime of convective motion around the gas bubbles a[r]
al. , 2000, Chen, 1991, Lin et al. , 2001, Elmahdy & Biggs, 1983, Coney et al. , 1989]. The most proposed relation between “the difference of the air humidity ratio and that evaluated at the fin temperature” and “the difference of the ambient temperature and fin tempera[r]
constant current, the temperature rise of the strip is monitored. Photolithography patterning of the strip was done using AZ5214 Shipley resist spin coated on a glass substrate. Electron beam evaporation deposition of Cr (5 nm)/Pt (50 nm)/Cr (5 nm) sandwich layer was followed by deposition of SiO[r]
Porous media and transport are becoming increasingly important in heat exchanger analysis and design. It was pointed out in Bejan (1995) that the gradual miniatur- ization ofheat transfer devices leads the flow toward lower Reynolds numbers and brings the designer i[r]
Energy can exist in many forms and heat is one of the most intriguing. Heat is often hidden, as it only exists when in transit, and is transferred by a number of distinctly different methods. Heat transfer touches every aspect of our lives and helps u[r]