DRUG RESISTANCE

Chronic myeloid leukaemia is in principle a treatable malignancy but drug resistance is lowering survival. Recent drug discoveries have opened up new options for drug combinations, which is a concept used in other areas for preventing drug resistance.

had not had previous chemotherapy and the prevalence figures were therefore close to those of Primary Drug Resistance. In a previous study (Krishnaswamy, and Abdul Rahim, 1976) prevalence of Primary Drug Resistance was reported to be 10.6% for Isoniazid, 9.5% for Streptom[r]

enes (Ras, SRC, and PI3K) or inactivation of tumorsuppressor genes (PTEN and p53), and is thought toplay a role in the regulation of cancer cell prolifera-tion, cell transformation and survival under normoxiaor hypoxia, making it a potential target for cancertherapy [14–16]. However, the array analy[r]

4141Figure 3 | Substrates and inhibitors of ATP-binding cassette transporters. a | Overlapping substrate specificities of the human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters confering drug resistance to cancer cells. A single drug can be exported by several ABC transporters (rows)[r]

tigated. Patterns were examined as single and/or probable combinations of isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol(E) and streptomycin (S). Single drug resistance mode, mono S, and HS resistance patterns were the highest propor-tions in comparison with other modes and patterns[r]

was investigated in PrPC-transfected gastric cancer cells treated with LY294002 (10 lM) or Akt siRNA (0.2 lg). b-actin was used as a loadingcontrol. Autoradiograms were quantified by densitometry, and gene or protein levels were calculated relative to the amount of b-actin geneor protein. (B) Lucifer[r]

from Kwa Zulu Natal in South Africa. In the Kwa Zulureport, it was reported that of 542 patients with culturepositive TB, 221(41%) had MDRTB. Of the 221 patientswith MDRTB 53(24%) had XDRTB. Of the 53 patientswith XDRTB, 52 (98%) died in a median 16 days aftersputum collection. All 44 patients with[r]

tion of 0.1 mL of guanidine HCl (5 m) buffered withHepes-Tris (50 mm, pH 7.4), centrifugation for 5 min andincubation for at least 1 h at room temperature. Thedissolved samples were mixed thoroughly with 0.5 mL ofwater and centrifuged for 5 min. Samples (0.4 mL) werewithdrawn from the pellets dissol[r]

Current Status of Methods to Assess Cancer Drug Resistance Theodor H. Lippert1, Hans-Jörg Ruoff1 and Manfred Volm2 1. Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany 2. Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany  Corresponding author: Prof. Theodor H.[r]

20. Delgado E, Leon-Ponte M, Villahermosa ML, Cuevas MT, Deibis L,Echeverria G, Thomson MM, Pérez-Alvarez L, Osmanov S, Nájera R:Analysis of HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptasesequences from Venezuela for drug resistance-associatedmutations and subtype classification: A UNAID[r]

10The first therapeutic agent to be approved for hepatitis B was interferon-alpha (IFN-α), whose dual mode of action includes both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Unfortunately, extended IFN-α treatment is expensive, injection-dependent, effective in no more than 15-25% of patients, and asso[r]

(WHO) estimates the prevalence of all forms of TB inZambia at 707/100,000 and ranks Zambia as ninth in theworld for TB incidence rate with an incidence of smear-positive cases at 280/100,000 [1].Decentralization of the health sector in the late 1990salmost led to the collapse of the program, but its[r]

• Dene drug resistance; and • Describe the TB classication system. Chapter 2: Transmission and Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis 19 Introduction TB is an airborne disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) (Figure 2.1). M. tuberculosis and seven very[r]

MINIREVIEW SERIESMalaria)the global diseaseRenu TutejaMalaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaMalaria is a disease of global concern. Historically,malaria has killed more people than any other infec-tious disease and still accounts for massive l[r]

Authors thank the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India (Do No.BT/PR4526/Med/14/534/2003) and Delhi Tapedik Unmulan Samiti (No.F 43(2)/DTUS/2004/2907-10) for nancial assistance in conducting the study. ReferencesDye C. Global1. epidemiology of tu[r]

containing regimens. Program and abstracts of the 2nd InternationalAIDS Society Conference on Pathogenesis and Treatment; July 1316, 2003;Paris, France . Abstract 5825. MacArthur RD, Crane LR, Alvarez D, Fairfax M, Richmond D, CurtisG: Factors associated with selection of the K65R mutation: Aretrosp[r]

than Beijing and EAI4-VNM)or “Beijing”, “EAI” and “Others” (i.e. other than Beijing and EAI). Multivariate logistic regression (with logit links) and variance analyses were used to investigate how (i) age, (ii) sex of the patient, (iii) location (urban vs. rural), and (iv) sampling strategy (populat[r]

The most widely used are quinine and its derivatives and antifolate combination drugs. The main classes of active schizontocides are 4-aminoquinolines, aryl-alcohols including quinoline-alcohols and antifolate compounds which inhibit the synthesis of parasitic pyrimidines. The newest class of antima[r]

scientist can read your work free of charge"BioMed Central will be the most significant development for disseminating the results of biomedical research in our lifetime."Sir Paul Nurse, Cancer Research UKYour research papers will be:available free of charge to the entire biomedical communitypeer rev[r]

rate of blood flow through the organ.For instance, well-perfused organs suchas the brain receive a greater proportionthan do less well-perfused ones. Uptakeinto tissue causes the blood concentra-tion to fall. Absorption from the gut di-minishes as the mucosa-blood gradientdecreases. Plasma concentra[r]