and industrial firms. The private savings depositedin the commercial banks were usually short termdeposits to meet daily needs.2. There was great incentive for industrial firmsto borrow since the inflation rate was alwaysconsiderably higher than the interest rate paid onloans; t[r]
Collapsing mineral prices and a steep drop in external demand due to the global downturn of 2008 and 2009 were the external shocks which were transmitted to Mongolia’s economy. This shock exposed underlying weaknesses in the economic structure and policy environment. For example, entering the crisis[r]
Theory makes ambiguous predictions about the effects of bank concentration on access to external finance. Using a unique data base for 74 countries of financing obstacles and financing patterns for firms of small, medium and large size we assess the effect of banking market structure on financing ob[r]
encourage fishermen to minimize them but this law is still in discussion . To ensure the feasibility ofsuch a regulation, Raul Perez Galvez worked on a prototype of compaction so1Proposed reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, European Commission, 13th July 2011.1that these by-c[r]
Employment in a Fast Changing World for the OECD (2012) and Managing Aidfor Trade and Development Results: The Case of Rwanda (OECD, 2013) and hasbeen a principal author of World Bank reports on trade and competitiveness inBotswana (2012) and Malawi (2014).Before this, Mr. Newfa[r]
In universal banking, large banks operate extensive producing new goods in new ways on an unprecedented networks of branches, provide many different services, scale. Firms needed quick access to heavy financing from hold several claims on firms (including equity and debt), sources whose information[r]
to the legal effects attached to specific developments. This book contains my personal views, and all mistakes are ultimatelymine. When undertaking this research I have benefited enormously fromthe support of many people, and I am thankful to all of them. Especially, Iwould like to express my[r]
companies, finance leasing companies and so on dirrectly under mother company.c. Analysis of customerCustomers partly dominate the existence of the bank in competitive environment. Inbanking operation, customers are not the same and they are not only capital providersto <[r]
Ease of connectivity to global and regional markets is a fundamental determinant of competitiveness, and landlocked countries are at a particular disadvantage in accessing foreign markets. High transportation costs, delays at borders or in transit through third countries, and poor logistical arrange[r]
cost leadership. It means that they try their best to offer lowest price to EVNfor roaming due to un-storage characteristic of electricity, they are not focuson position as more added value to customers, higher quality/higher price inthe market or position as safer and more friendly in CSR. M[r]
rate/monetary regime seeks to maintain a stable value of the rupee against the dollar,which provides a nominal anchor and is viewed as promoting trade and investment. Theexchange rate regime has been supported by capital controls, which have allowed somedegree of monetary autonomy to b[r]
Government policies affect relative prices in the economy and thereby transmit profit incentives to private investors. Economywide policies convey incentives to investors that affect whether to invest based on perceptions of risk, and in Zimbabwe, economywide incentives have tended to discourage ove[r]
therefore drives up real long-term interest rates in year one. This roughly halves the outputeffect of the stimulus.35.When, in addition, private sector worries about fiscal sustainability drive up interestrate risk premia and depreciate the currency, the[r]
studies in the past. Jayamaha (1989) stated that the most effective channelthrough which monetary policy is transmitted to real variables was the interestrate channel during the period 1977-1985. Thenuwara (1998) established a closerelationship between changes in p[r]
The transition to markets dominates the development Privatization policies, in particular in housing and agenda of the 1990s. Financial sector reforms are central real estate. to a successful transition to a market economy. Renaud The strategies adopted whether by design or by focuses on one dimen[r]
will not count towards Norway’s greenhouse gas reduction commitments. Any reductions will be additional toNorway’s commitments.24Forest Carbon Partnership Facility – The Facility is a global partnership helping to prepare countries for futureREDD+ activities. The Facility oversees two[r]
Low Carbon Green Growth Roadmap for Asia and the Pacific : Fact Sheet - Double dividend and revenue neutralityFigure 1: The double dividend through environmental tax and fiscal reformsGreenGrowthThe prospects for winning the double dividend varies from country to country and dep[r]
PART ONE: AN OVERVIEW OF THE STRATEGICPLANNING PROCESS1. An Introduction to the Strategic Planning Process (SPP2. Contemporary Issues in the Strategic Planning ProcessPART TWO: STRATEGY FORMULATION3. External Strategic Audit4. Internal Strategic Audit5. Strategic Options—Corporate Level6. Strategic[r]