SYNTHESIS OF CERIA PARTICLES AND CMP PERFORMANCE

cooled to room temperature, the obtained samplewas sequentially washed with dilute HCl aqueoussolution, distilled deionized water and absoluteethanol for several times. The samples were driedat 70 °C for 6 h. Finally, soft fibrous powders withwhite color were obtained.The composition of[r]

The influence of the synthesis method on the membrane structure and performance was also studied by scanning electron microscopy and in filtrations of dye solutions in ethanol and TRANG 2 [r]

ging of the spatial distribution of betaparticles emreging fromsurfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA. 86, 1741–1745.22. Schlichting, I. & Reinstein, J. (1997) Structures of active con-formations of UMP kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum suggestphosphoryl transfer is[r]

early research on low-power synthesis focused on dynamic power optimization.IC dynamic power consumption is a quadratic function of supply voltage. Volt-age scaling is therefore the most effective dynamic power optimization technique.However,voltage scaling may have a negative impact o[r]

hydrothermal reactions at 140◦C for 48 (b), 96 (c) and 144 h (d).We expect that it would be complicated and difficult to delib-erately create such a peculiar structure of binary compositionon nanoscale. Usually, the catalytic reactions take place on thesurface of the catal[r]

lower water potentials and is considered a beneficial drought tolerance mechanism in both the vegetative and reproductive phases of crop growth (Rascio et al., 1994). The maintenance of turgor above a particular threshold is essential for many physiological processes, suc[r]

,V5+) to 100◦C (Cr3+)forthe doped TNT [38]. These facts indicate that the cation doping can enhanceboth electrical conductivity and thermal stability of the nanotube, which isregarded as one of the advantages when the TNT will be used as variousdevices, because most of th[r]

73 PART IIUnderstanding the Technology In this part of the book we turn our attention to a more in-depth look at particlecounters, from the basic construction of the instrument to the features of the completeparticle counting system. Particle counters are presented generically[r]

The formation mechanism of mulberry-like ZnO particles was investigated by adding different types of alkalis and different amounts oftriethanolamine (TEA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)were us[r]

assurance. The stage is set for further advancement. It should be noted that the use of inoculant biofertilisers is not universally favoured in Vietnam. Rather official Government agencies within Vietnam have encouraged chemical fertiliser production and cheaper fertiliser imports are[r]

BioMed CentralPage 1 of 7(page number not for citation purposes)Virology JournalOpen AccessResearchAmphotropic murine leukemia virus is preferentially attached to cholesterol-rich microdomains after binding to mouse fibroblastsChristiane Beer and Lene Pedersen*Address: Institute of<[r]

High-pressure distillation at 0.4 – 0.5 MPa and above 130 °C with long columns produces arelatively concentrated overhead product. Efficiency is high, but yields are limited due to theformation of methanol and formic acid via the Cannizzaro reaction [82].If formaldehyde solution[r]

Experimental methodsThe raw materials utilized were multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (20 to 30 nm in diameter and approximately 30 μmin length, purity &gt; 95 wt.%, Chengdu Organic ChemicalsCo. Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China),Ti powders (&gt; 99.5% purity, appr[r]

C H A P T E R 10 ■ ■ ■ 201 Effects: Physics and Particles Particles are capable of creating some eye-catching animations that produce vibrant and fluid effects. Physics engines, on the other hand, create animations that satisfy our sense of motion. Combin[r]

antenna [1–7] or multi-antennas [8–12]. Receivers presentedin [9, 12] are analog receivers while the other ones are digi-tal receivers. Most of the available digital receivers are veryspecific of the CDMA context and cannot be used elsewhere,since they require assumptions such as[r]

phospholipid. This indicates that apoE4 has a smallerbinding footprint when bound to large lipid particles. Oneexplanation for this phenomenon could be that apoE4 self-associates more readily on the surface of lipid emulsions.However, we have previously demonstrated that bothapoE3 a[r]

(Au loading was ca. 0.5 wt %). The pH value of the suspensionwas then adjusted to 5-6 with 0.10 M of NaOH solution, afterwhich it was subjected to a sonication for 20 s. During thesonication, freshly prepared NaBH4(0.1 M, 5-10 times the Aumolar number) was injected instantly. After the[r]

interesting electrical [7], magnetic [8], and catalytic [9] proper-ties and wide variety of potential applications in various fields∗Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 62765930; fax: +86 10 62765930.E-mail address: xgli@chem.pku.edu.cn (X. Li).such as electro-optic materials [10][r]

• Solids – Vibrate in place, particles close together TRANG 10 WHAT HAPPENS TO MATTER WHEN A CHANGE OF STATE OCCURS?. • ENERGY / MOTION OF PARTICLES.[r]