ATTITUDES AND MOTIVATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING GARDNER

INTRODUCTION This chapter involves different issues in the theories of second language learning: definitions of language acquisition and theoretical background of language learning facto[r]

Chapter 5 looks at the cognitive view of metaphor and its possible applications to second language learning and teaching. It thengoes on to look at some recent developments in conceptual metaphortheory, such as the concept of primary metaphors and the[r]

classroom interaction in general. With regard to classroom interaction and second language acquisition, Ellis (1994: 606) concluded that “Opportunities to negotiate meaning may help the acquisition of L2 vocabulary; Teacher-controlled pedagogic discourse may contribute to[r]

1huong_029@yahoo.com.vnTitle: Factors Affecting ESP Vocabulary Learning at Hanoi Community College2part A Introduction–1. RationaleEnglish learning has been popular in Vietnam over the last few decades. Especially, learning English has become a burgeoning need when Vietna[r]

- Live with the Australians. - Homestay. Advantage: money, parent’s help Dedication. - Spoken English not good - Study and living costs - At home: Grammar skill good for later. 4. Difficulties for studying a new language: At your age and level of language learning,[r]

In the eyes of many language teachers, the personality of their students constitutes a major factor contributing to the success or failure in language learning. Learners also consider personality factors to be important. Personality has been explored in term[r]

sixclasses in a southern university in China. The instrumentused in the study consisted of a motivation questionnaire,an open-ended question and an English proficiency test. Amodified44-itemquestionnaireadaptedfromGardner’s(1985) and Clement et al.’s (1994)[r]

The term “classroom structure” has come to be used in a particular way by some researchers in this field. The emphasis has been upon the ways in which learning experiences have been organized and whether one form of organization is necessarily any better than anoth[r]

Chapter 1: Introduction1.1 Rationale for the studyWe are living in the global world in which English language has rapidly become an international language. To meet this requirement, English has been taught almost everywhere in Vietnam, especially in schools,[r]

Appendix - 329 Exercise: Gerund Predictors Task: Check each example for parallelism. Check your answers on page 332. 1. I think that students should learn a second language as early as possible. Learning a second language will open more doors and it is hel[r]

curriculum content, and grades—most importantly, the premium placed on them. Apparently, unless teachers increase their learners' ‘goal-orientedness', make curriculum relevant for them, and create realistic learner beliefs, they will come up against a classroom environment fraught with[r]

disengaged. Especially, in a grammar lesson, as it is often considered as a boringsubject, teacher needs to arouse students’ interest, thus involving their emotions.43. The application of games in teaching grammarGames are said to be the most natural way to learn something. Playing is[r]

Ways of expressing future in English ─ How Vietnamese learners learn and use them effectively
1. RationaleTime plays a key part in humans’ language: “Humans conceive time in terms of space, as shown by the language that we use to talk about temporal relations: we habitually speak of stretching o[r]

Table of contents
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 . Rationale: 1
1.2. Aim of research: 4
1.3. Significance of study: 4
1.4. Scope of study: 4
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1. Definition of motivation 6
2.2. What is the motivated learners? 7
2.3 . Classification of motivation: 7
2.4. Definition of[r]

refers to a desire to increase the affiliation with the target community. Integrative motivation is characterized by the learner's positive attitudes towards the TL group and the desire to integrate into the TL community (Gardner, 1982; Gardner, 1985). In th[r]

A further feature of video recordings – which is shared with other related media – is the use of electronic tricks to create special effects and images. These are usually quite beyond the resources of the language teacher to produce, and provide another valuable source of materi[r]

involuntarily in such a position, which may also be a con-tributing reason as to why working in the municipalhealth service is still largely a female profession [12,25].Researchers point out that a larger pr oportion of womenin various nursing professions have lower status and a[r]

TRANG 5 LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS _TABLE 1_: The Nationality of students _TABLE 2_: The time students spend learning speaking English everyday _TABLE 3: _Students’ motivation in learning[r]

This initial chapter outlines the research problem and rationale for the study together with its scope and significance. More importantly, the aims and objectives are highlighted with three research questions which serve as guidelines for the whole study. Finally, the chapter concludes with an overv[r]

Motivation factors are regarded as one of the most important parts in learning English, especially speaking skill. A positive motivation factor not only helps students have a good performance in learning English but also improves their speaking skill. Accordingly, this thesis concentrates on investi[r]