POSITIVE POLITENESS

money borrower and a lender. If he would like to receive a large amount of money, theborrower should use some words showing politeness such as “Could you” or “please.”Therefore, utilizing politeness strategies needs meticulously planning and seriouslyconsidering.51.2. Politeness[r]

the speaker will be imposing on the listener and there is a higher potential for awkwardness or embarrassment than in bald on record strategies and positive politeness strategies. Negative face is the desire to remain autonomous so the speaker is more apt to include an out for the list[r]

Hebrew favor directness rather than indirectness. Generally speaking, speakers from those mentioned cultures either seem to pay much attention to involvement and solidarity relation, i.e. the positive aspect of face, or belong to a kind of societies such as Vietnam where people depend on each[r]

comparative detail: the classic studies of Brown and Gilman (1972[1960]) and Brown & Levinson (1987 [1978]). These two sets of authors use different terms for the dimension (solidarity and distance respectively), but both emphasize social similarity/difference as a key determinant of levels[r]

70 DEVELOPMENT: ASPECTS OF ENGLISHEach of these four maxims follows the ‘maximise’ and ‘minimise’ style of the polite-ness principle itself. For tact, speakers should ‘minimise cost to other’ and ‘maximisebenefit to other’. With generosity, speakers should ‘minimise benefit to self ’ and ‘maximise cos[r]

relationship between people but also a social harmony. Therefore, in interpersonal communication, in terms of politeness, every participant notes social factors such as age, gender, power and distance among the interlocutors. Moreover, politeness may be described as a form of behaviour[r]

In their opinion, the freedom and independence in one’s life is the most important thing. Actually, the closeness makes the Vietnamese give advice more frequently than the English does. The feedback mostly are in column 1 and 2 has shown that the positive politeness makes them concern[r]

business letter written by native speakers of English” investigated 82 business letters written by British people to figure out the most common politeness strategies. However, she did not distinguish different types of business letters, so the readers could not see the differences of strategi[r]

H4 allows us to have a control on the nonlinear operator in system 1.1.We remark that, the case when a1sa2s1andg1u, vg2u, v0, systemsof type 1.1 have been extensively studied in the literature under different sets of conditionson the nonlinearities. For instance, assuming superlinear[r]

Hindawi Publishing CorporationBoundary Value ProblemsVolume 2008, Article ID 236386, 9 pagesdoi:10.1155/2008/236386Research ArticleNonlinear Systems of Second-Order ODEsPatricio Cerda and Pedro UbillaDepartamento de Matem´atica y C. C., Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 307, Correo 2,Santiag[r]

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Tăng áp lực trong lồng ngực làm giảm các áp lực chứa trong buồng tim vì làm giảm tuần hoàn trở về. Có thể đo áp lực trong lồng ngực bằng áp lực màng phổi hay bằng áp lực trong thực quản. Áp lực này chịu ảnh hưởng trực tiếp của áp lực phế nang và thấp hơn áp lực phế nang. Song với phổi có độ dãn nở g[r]

-121.121.7.7.Jubran A, Tobin MJ (2008). Management of the difficultJubran A, Tobin MJ (2008). Management of the difficult--toto--wean patient. UpToDate wean patient. UpToDate ®®V 16.1.V 16.1.8.8.Kenneth LK, Robert CH (2008). Physiologic and pathophysiologic cKenneth LK, Robert CH (2008). Physiologic[r]

English business letter has been an important and indispensable tool for us to exchange information in global economy. Therefore, writing the efficient letters will determine the success of business communication.
In order to find out the effective ways to write business letters, the study intended[r]

2011FJ6037, NSFC under grant no. 61070190 and NFSS under grant no. 10BJL020.Authors’ contributionsAll authors contributed equally to the manuscript and read and approved the final draft.Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Received: 19 May 2011 Accepted: 21 No[r]

(j) Immediately after incubation add 1 ±0.1 mL of WG49 host culture to all test bijoux followed by 1 ±0.1 mL of the sample under test. Mix contents by invertingthe bijoux.continuedTo prepare a working culture of S. typhimurium WG49, inoculate TYGB and incubatefor 18 ±2 h at 37°C. Subculture to MacCo[r]

sentences using a phrase structure parser(Charniak and Johnson, 2005) and an HPSG parser1Since the PLM also made use of the BNC-corpus for posi-tive examples, we were not able to classify sentences based onword occurrences(Miyao and Tsujii, 2005). All sentences were parsedcorrectly except for one