DETECTING AND CORRECTING SPEECH REPAIRS

"you" and "have", and that the occurrence of "one" after the "w-" is an inserted word. Due to the presence of the partial and the word matching, the statistical model accepts this pro- posal, which leads to the erroneous correction of "one you have two boxcars," which blocks the[r]

reparandum and alteration are annotated with an x. Also, editing terms (filled pauses and clue words) are labeled with et, and the interruption point with ip, which will occur before any editing terms asso- ciated with the repair, and after a word fragment, if present. Th[r]

5running time,where n is the length of the string. Even thoughour sentences are often long, it is extremely un-likely that any repair will be longer than, say,12 words. So to increase processing speed weonly compute analyses for strings of length 12or less. For every such substring that can be an-al[r]

as a surface acoustic phenomenon with lexical orphonetic hidden dynamics but without any phys-ical constraints in between. This omission leadsto some untenable assumptions. For example,speech is often treated out of convenience as a se-quence of discrete, non-overlapping packets, suchas phone[r]

applicable for a recognition result having a few errors, as compared with one having many errors. 5 Conclusion As described above, our proposed method has the following features: (1) Since the proposed method is designed with a arbitrary length string as a unit, it is capable of correcting er[r]

that the repair process has to deal with a highnumber of false positives from the detection stage,which is problematic since error correction is donemanually. In terms of the kind of errors that aredetected by the sparse Markov transducer, Eskinnotes that "if there are inconsistencies between an-not[r]

and speech repairs correlate with planning difficultly. Clearly this is information that should be conveyed to higher-level reasoning processes. An additional advantage to mak- ing the parser aware of speech repairs is that it can use its knowledge of grammar an[r]

ergy, and pitch were post-processed according tostylization procedures outlined in Sonmez et al.(1998) and normalized to account for variabilityacross speakers.Since the input vector can have missing val-ues such as the absence of pitch during unvoicedsound, only decision tree based cl[r]

20. delete rocket_mc.onEnterFrame; 21. 22. } 23. This function works in almost the same manner as that of the rocketReset() function we created earlier in this lesson. The difference is that both the status_mc and sounds_mc movie clip instances are moved to the frame labeled abort in the la[r]

Lateral thinking answers 1 Romeo and Juliet are goldfish The cat knocked over the goldfish bowl 2 They are playing monopoly 3 The man is too short to press the 25th floor button 4 The man was a passenger on a plane flying over the mountains The plane was too heavy so the passengers had to dra[r]

thesis, characterization, and applications, Adv. Mater. 15 (2003) 353–388.[3] Y. Huang, X.F. Duan, Q.Q. Wei, C.M. Lieber, Directed assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures into functional networks, Science 291 (2001)630–633.[4] Y. Huang, X.F. Duan, Y. Cui, L.J. Lauhon, K.H. Kim, C.M. Lieber[r]

14. Have another cup of coffee , ............................................15. Nobody phoned me while I was out, ...................................................16. You’d better change your job, ..............................................17.Somebody borrowed my bike yesterday, ..............[r]

speech enhancement schemes [2], and model-based com-pensation [3–6]. More details are reviewed in [7]. Recently,different speech analyses based on psychoacoustics have beenreported in the literature [8]. The well-known perceptuallinear prediction (PLP) [9] uses critical band filte[r]

Total laryngectomy with or without adjuvant (chemo)radiation often induces speech, swallowing and neck and shoulder problems. Speech, swallowing and shoulder exercises may prevent or diminish these problems.

60. I can help you looking in your sick mother while you are on holiday.61. Nam is one of my friends whom tried hard to succeed in his school age.62. Quoc Hoc is the secondary school where gate is painted pink.63. I bought a computer which screen was not very good.64. I saw a stranger which was walk[r]

Correcting Students' WritingBryan MurphyEnglish Language Centre, Bangkok, ThailandA version of this report appeared in LIPS (Language Institute People Speak), an in-house publication at City Polytechnic of Hong Kong. (in 1994)Little research seems to have been done on the effectiveness or oth[r]

a) to make it easier to understand and follow your speech...The speeches you make in a debate or any other kind of persuasive environment isusually full of complex ideas (just like a speech for a company presentation or during aninterview). Therefore it is important to be able t[r]