EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION ALGORITHM

672001; A. Berger and J. Lafferty, 1999). To en-sure this assumption still works in our HMM system, we use the Initial State to separate each transition to the document state and observe the query terms. No matter the early or late the query term t occurs, the training procedure is fixed as “Startin[r]

c.6.1 LEARNING STOCHASTIC NONLINEAR DYNAMICS177where wkand vkare zero-mean Gaussian noise processes. The state vectorx evolves according to a nonlinear but stationary Markov dynamics3driven by the inputs u and by the noise source w. The outputs y arenonlinear, noisy but stationary and instantaneous[r]

Hindawi Publishing CorporationEURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyVolume 2007, Article ID 71312, 14 pagesdoi:10.1155/2007/71312Research ArticleUncovering Gene Regulatory Networks from Time-SeriesMicroarray Data with Variational Bayesian StructuralExpectation MaximizationIsabel Tiend[r]

precoding for the uplink of multiuser MIMO OFDM systems. An efficient algorithm is developed to optimize the spatial precoderaiming at maximization of the system sum rate subject to individual power constraints of the users and maintenance of thelow PAPR property for one user. Potential[r]

use an image focus criterion to estimate the model parame-ters are the image-contrast-based technique (ICBT, see [13])and entropy-based technique (EBT, see [10, 14]). The chal-lenge for autofocus is to devise algorithms which not onlyfocus adequately for target recognition but are also both ro-bust[r]

it would be computationally very costly to directly predict the array ofcamera pixel intensities from a sequence of arrays of previous pixelintensities. It seems much more sensible to attempt to infer the true state ofthe balloon (its position, velocity, and orientation) and decouple theprocess that[r]

and interferers but also by averaging the performance met-ric over the positions of user and interferers within their cells(see Section 2).Even if the ergodic capacity criterion has to be consideredto be the most appropriate for array design in interference-limited scenario, the interference power m[r]

Hindawi Publishing CorporationEURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal ProcessingVolume 2008, Article ID 643081, 14 pagesdoi:10.1155/2008/643081Review ArticleBit and Power Allocation in ConstrainedMulticarrier Systems: The Single-User CaseNikolaos Papandreou and Theodore AntonakopoulosDepartment of Ele[r]

by adaptive modulation and variable forward error correc-tion (FEC) coding. By contrast, for UMTS LTE a combina-tion of TDMA and orthogonal frequency division multiple ac-cess (OFDMA) is used and link adaption is performed onsubcarrier groups. Additionally, hybrid-ARQ with incremen-tal redundancy tr[r]

in figure 9. These values correspond to the asymptotic value of OF2, where the minimum is attained for each displacement. So that, they tend to be located in a small region of the DV space, quite closer to this unconditional optimum solution point. Conclusions In the present study a multi-objective[r]

Assume that two omnidirectional sensors are located ona plane, and measure the intensity of a signal produced by anobject. Suppose also that the object is small, and the fields ofvision of the sensors are perfect discs. If the object is locatedcloser to one sensor than the other, such sensor will mea[r]

least-squares linear regression line to match the timing of the crystal oscillators. Hybrid Approach for Energy-Aware Synchronization 415 requirement that cripples GPS’s use for sensor networks dispersed within a building or in a heavily forested area. On the other hand, NTP is one of the first sync[r]

between system efficiency and fairness.Main contribution of this paper relies on the proposalof a novel co-opetition strategy for RRA in multimediaservices, which is both optimal and fair. In this paper,optimal represents sum utility maximization (SUM) subjectto the constraints on individual ut[r]

1Ch 6 Project Analysis Under CertaintyMethods of evaluating projects when the future is assumed to be certain.2Introduction The ideal investment decision making technique is Net Present Value. N P V measures the equivalent present wealth contributed by the investment. NPV is given in NPV relates di[r]

[, string modes_dir]) Description The mcrypt_module_get_algo_supported_key_sizes() function, which was added in PHP 4.0.2, returns an array of the supported key sizes of the algorithm specified. The optional modes_dir parameter is a directory that specifies where all modes are located. mcry[r]

variable keeps track of the node’s receivers and is used in the synchronization algorithm. 2.3.2 Hybrid Synchronization Once the network flooding has been completed, the network can be synchronized using the determined hierarchy. In networks where the sensors are dispersed at random, there w[r]

233Next we consider online simulations. In an online simulation a faster optimizationalgorithm would be executed at a greater rate than a slower algorithm. To account for thefact that the GA is much slower than the greedy algorithm, we introduce a new simulationvariable, namely the GA/[r]

at the source and the relay [10]. The model consideredin this paper is in accordance with previous work andutilizes the received SNRs that are available at the sourceand the relay in order to find optimal resource allocationstrategy.In this paper, we investigate the optimal resource allo-cation strat[r]

in figure 9. These values correspond to the asymptotic value of OF2, where the minimum is attained for each displacement. So that, they tend to be located in a small region of the DV space, quite closer to this unconditional optimum solution point. Conclusions In the present study a multi-objective[r]

2than H to minimize theCSI feedback rate. In this paper, we consider the quanti-zation of |H|2.The aforementioned research works in [3-5,14] takethe ergodic throughput as the p erformance measure.For applications insensitive to delay, the ergodicthroughput is a suitable performance measure [7]. Onth[r]