14 1. The Determinants of Market Outcomes is used, we must say what we mean by “consumer welfare” and generally, in prac- tice, competition authorities often mean an approximation to consumer welfare, “aggregate consumer surplus,” a term which we define below. 12 Generally, actions that permanen[r]
Many medical imaging techniques utilize fitting approaches for quantitative parameter estimation and analysis. Common examples are pharmacokinetic modeling in dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT), apparent diffusion coefficient calculations and in[r]
10.2.2.2 Estimating the Effects of Vertical Integration in the Market for Cable TV Another interesting attempt to empirically measure the effect of vertical integra- tion examined the U.S. cable television industry and is provided by Chipty (2001). The paper looks at the effect of vertical[r]
and cross-price elasticities. In practice, therefore, MNL models are quite good for learning about the characteristics which tend to be associated with high or low levels of market shares, but we recommend strongly against using MNL models in situa- tions where we must learn about substitut[r]
Sample frequency is a function of the mean time to failure from the onset of an abnor- mal wear mode to catastrophic failure. For machines in critical service, sampling every 25 hours of operation is appropriate; however, for most industrial equipment in con- tinuous service, monthly s[r]
To further understand the difficulties in establishing tacit collusion directly, note that firms may tacitly collude with varying degrees of success. First, if firms are heterogeneous, they may not gain much directly from the optimal tacitly collusive action. For example, consider that a two-[r]
In sum, the fixed-effects regression identifies the coefficients in ˇ by using the variation in the data within a group of observations, for example, across time for a given store as well as the across-store variation to the extent that the specification restricts the slope coefficient[r]
Forecasting techniques can be categorized in two broad categories: quantitative and qualitative. The techniques in the quantitative category include mathematical models such as moving average, straight-line projection, exponential smoothing, regression, trend-line analysis, simulation, life-cycle[r]
Chapter 14 sales and capacity planning. This chapter includes contents: The sales and operations planning process, strategies for adjusting capacity, strategies for managing demand, quantitative techniques for aggregate planning, hierarchical nature of planning, aggregate planning for services.
If, on the other hand, the demand is shifting and the supply is constant, we cannot identify the demand function but we could potentially identify the supply function. This situation is represented in figure 2.8. A shifting demand will, for example, arise when effective but unobserved (by t[r]
London City 14 20 — 22 Not served by Ryanair Source : Ryanair and Aer Lingus proposed concentration, Case no. COMP/M.4439, p. 33. To illustrate, consider the evidence provided to the European Commission in its investigation of the proposed merger between Ryanair and Aer Lingus. 7 Ryanair argued[r]
11. Process analytics Both statistical and non-statistical analytical techniques propagated via the six sigma methods, particularly during the analyze phase of six sigma project have great relevance for service management process analytics. As an example: Event Tree Analysis
P i D 10 5Q i C 2Q 2 i C u i and our model is P i D a bQ i C e i ; then we will never be able to retrieve the true parameters with our model. In this case, the model is misspecified. This observation motivates those econometricians who favor the general-to-specific modeling approach to model s[r]
By using the integrated analysis and quantitative method, this paper presents the results of classification and assessment of bioclimatic conditions for two ultimate purposes: i for the [r]
In this chapter, a quantitative method is presented for GC analysis of ethanol in blood and urine using headspace extraction and wide-bore capillary columns; an ultra-sensi-tive analysis[r]
p st D ˛ s C x st ˇ C " st ; where s indicates the cross-sectional index (here, the store) and t indicates the time period so that the price p st is store-time specific as are the explanatory variables, x st . Allowing for a store fixed effect ˛ s in the regression controls for a[r]
Notice on Market Definition 5 does not require a case officer to consider potential entrants as a source of supply substitutability for market definition purposes, though such entry might easily be considered in a more general sense a source of supply substitutability. Rather, the guideline[r]
the nesting structure in this example is provided in figure 9.5. Note that " ij is product-specific while ig is common to all products within group g for a given individual. The individual’s total idiosyncratic taste for product j is given by the sum, ig C .1 /" ij . The[r]
Subsequent authors, controlling for other potential determinants of profitability, ran the following simple cross-industry regression: 12 y i D ˇ 0 C ˇ 2 H i C ˇ 0 X i C " i ; where y was a measure of profitability (performance) such as the Lerner index .P MC/=P or the accounting ret[r]
London City 14 20 — 22 Not served by Ryanair Source : Ryanair and Aer Lingus proposed concentration, Case no. COMP/M.4439, p. 33. To illustrate, consider the evidence provided to the European Commission in its investigation of the proposed merger between Ryanair and Aer Lingus. 7 Ryanair argued[r]