CHAPTER 099 DISORDERS OF HEMOGLOBIN PART 2

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 2) Figure 99-2 Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve. The hemoglobin tetramer can bind up to four molecules of oxygen in the iron-containing sites of the heme molecules. As oxygen is bound, 2,3-BPG and CO2 are expelled. Salt bridges ar[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 99. Disorders of Hemoglobin Disorders of Hemoglobin: Introduction Hemoglobin is critical for normal oxygen delivery to tissues; it is also present in erythrocytes in such high concentrations that it c[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 4) Epidemiology Hemoglobinopathies are especially common in areas in which malaria is endemic. This clustering of hemoglobinopathies is assumed to reflect a selective survival advantage for the abnormal RBC, which presumably provide a less hospitabl[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 11) Severity is highly variable. Known modulating factors are those that ameliorate the burden of unpaired α-globin inclusions. Alleles associated with milder synthetic defects and co-inheritance of α-thalassemia trait reduce clinical severity by re[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 10) Low-affinity hemoglobins should be considered in patients with cyanosis or a low hematocrit with no other reason apparent after thorough evaluation. The P50 test confirms the diagnosis. Counseling and reassurance are the interventions of choice.[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 9) Unstable hemoglobins occur sporadically, often by spontaneous new mutations. Heterozygotes are often symptomatic because a significant Heinz body burden can develop even when the unstable variant accounts for a portion of the total hemoglobin. Sy[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 8) Acute chest syndrome is a medical emergency that may require management in an intensive care unit. Hydration should be monitored carefully to avoid the development of pulmonary edema, and oxygen therapy should be especially vigorous for protectio[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 13) Hemoglobin E HbE (i.e., α2β226Glu -> Lys) is extremely common in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The gene has become far more prevalent in the United States as a result of immigration of Asian persons, especially in California, wh[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 7) Clinical Manifestations of Sickle Cell Trait Sickle cell trait is usually asymptomatic. Anemia and painful crises are exceedingly rare. An uncommon but highly distinctive symptom is painless hematuria often occurring in adolescent males, probably[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 6) Clinical Manifestations of Sickle Cell Anemia Most patients with sickling syndromes suffer from hemolytic anemia, with hematocrits from 15–30%, and significant reticulocytosis. Anemia was once thought to exert protective effects against vasoocclu[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 12) The homozygous state for the α-thalassemia-1 cis deletion (hydrops fetalis) causes total absence of α-globin synthesis. No physiologically useful hemoglobin is produced beyond the embryonic stage. Excess γ-globin forms tetramers called Hb Barts[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 5) Sickle Cell Syndromes The sickle cell syndromes are caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene that changes the sixth amino acid from glutamic acid to valine. HbS (α2β26 Glu→Va1) polymerizes reversibly when deoxygenated to form a gelatinous[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 3) Classes There are five major classes of hemoglobinopathies (Table 99-1). Structural hemoglobinopathies occur when mutations alter the amino acid sequence of a globin chain, altering the physiologic properties of the variant hemoglobins and produc[r]

Chapter 099. Disorders of Hemoglobin (Part 14) Deferasirox is a promising oral iron-chelating agent. Single daily doses of 20 or 30 mg deferasirox produced reductions in liver iron concentration comparable to desferoxamine in chronically transfused adult and pediatric patients. Deferasirox p[r]

the pocket. For example, if the public boycotted products such as aerosols, which damage the ozone layer, then manufacturers would have to change their packaging policies. We would show them that we are not prepared to let them get away with destroying the environment.English test – A21To sum up, I[r]

LESSON #99: In the cards, To play your cards right.Huyền Trang xin kính chào quý vị thính giả. Trong bài học thành ngữ English American Style kỳtrước, chúng tôi có trình bày cùng quý vị 2 thành ngữ trong đó có chữ Card, là Wild Card vàDrawing Card. Trong bài hoc hôm nay, chúng tôi xin đem đến[r]

- Thu bài , chấm.3/Củng cố:- Cho H thi viết chữ hoa .- Nhận xét tiết học.- Cao 5 li rộng 5 li.- Gồm 2 nét là nét cong kín và nét móc ngợc phải.- Tự trả lời.- Nghe T. giảng và quan sát T. viết.- Viết bảng.- Đọc: Ao liền ruộng cả và giải nghĩa: Nói về sự giàu có ở nông thôn, nhà có nhiều ao, nh[r]

*Nhóm 3: Mùa thu có những loại hoa quả nào? Thời tiết nh thế nào ? - 2 HS nhắc lại tên bài - Lần lựơt từng HS lên bốc thăm về chuẩn bị 2 phút. - HS đọc bài rồi trả lời câu hỏi theo yêu cầu. - HS nhận xét. - HS thảo luận nhóm cử th ký ghi vào phiếu học tập. - Mùa xuân có hoa mai, đào,[r]

Tn 31Thứ hai ngày 19 tháng 4 năm 2010 To¸nLUYỆN TẬPI . Mục tiêu : Giúp HS :-BiÕt c¸ch lµm tÝnh céng(kh«ng nhí) c¸c sè trong ph¹m vi 1000, céng cã nhí trong ph¹m vi 100.- BiÕt gi¶i bµi to¸n vỊ nhiỊu h¬n.- BiÕt tÝnh chu vi h×nh tam gi¸c.II . Các hoạt động dạy học : Hoạt động của GV Hoạt động của HS1 .[r]

- Lớp chia thành 2 tổ nhóm (mỗi dãy là 1 tổ nhóm). - HS trả lời tên con vật mà tranh (ảnh) được minh hoạ. - HS thực hiện thảo luận câu hỏi theo nhóm. - Chó , mèo, lợn , gà , trâu , bò , hươu , nai ... - HS trình bày theo cách suy nghĩ của cá nhân - Không được săn bắn . - Đại diện nhóm trình[r]