ENHANCED SACCHARIFICATION IN SUGARCANE LEAVES BY COMBINED PRETREATMENT OF IONIC LIQUID AND AQUEOUS AMMONIA

The recent synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber dif- fraction studies of crystalline celluloses [17,24,25] have shown that cellulose III I has a one-chain monoclinic unit cell with an asymmetric unit containing only one glucosyl residue, and this is quite different from cellu- los[r]

wasn't until the late 1990s, or perhaps the new millennium, where chemistry departments accepted applied chemistry as a valid academic area of new ideas and novel techniques. Certainly, it was the synthetic organic chemist who solved this problem and, for that matter, most b[r]

17. Conclusion
Crop residue wheat straw is a highly abundant lignocellulosic feedstock throughout the world offering its rich sugar platform for large scale development by the biofuel industry. Most pretreatment methods in the literature were shown to be successful at overco[r]

Preparing of zirconia/silane combined films on steel subtrate for organic coatings to replace phosphate and chromate pretreatment. Proposing the mechanism of film formation process and assessing characteristics of morphology, composition, electrochemical properties and bonding of the zirconia/silane[r]

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous vegetable crop in sub-tropics and tropics. Adults and nymphs of Leaf hopper feed on the underside of the leaves by sucking plant sap, which results in yellowing and curling of leaves. It also injects toxic material into the leaves, which cau[r]

Abbreviations
C i : substomatal CO 2 concentration; F o ’ and F m ’ : the minimal and maximum fluorescence in the light-adapted state; F s : the steady-state fluorescence; F v ’ /
F m ’ : efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers; HS[r]

The results showed that the activity of the methanol fraction (F4) against DPPH was the strong- est, the CE extract was the highest reducing power and the ethyl acetate frac- tion (F3[r]

Anaerobic digestion of sludge has been an efficient and sustainable technology for sludge treatment but the low microbial conversion rate of its first stage requires sludge pretreatment, such as biological (aerobic, anaerobic conditions), thermal, mechanical (ultrasonication, lysiscentrifuge, liquid[r]

Kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium of the removal of chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by using chemically activated leaves of Ficus nitida were investigated. Adsorption runs were performed as a function of pH, mass of biosorbent, contact time, initial concentration of chromium(VI) ions[r]

(CEUS) up to now. The main tumor markers of interest are carbohydrate antigen 19 – 9(CA19-9) and α -fetopro- tein (AFP), which are useful adjuncts to imaging in pa- tients with CC and HCC respectively [16]. Simultaneous elevation of both CA 19 – 9 and AFP ha[r]

The present study demonstrated the pretreatment of rice straw using deep eutectic solvent (DES), choline chloride:urea and its comparison with acid and alkaline pretreatment. At a solid loading of 10%, choline chloride (ChCl):urea (1:2) was very effective in lignin extraction from rice straw at 45 °[r]

The present study initiates and analyzes the growth trends in area, production and productivity of sugarcane crop, measure the variability of sugarcane crop at the district levels in Bihar. The data obtained from secondary sources for the period of 42 years beginning from 1970-71 to 2011-12 and anal[r]

film electronic materials. Since the late 1990’s extensive interest in frequency agile materials for electronics has been cultivated within the materials science community. This interest has encouraged materials research to address performance issues, via hybrid material designs including[r]

combined with GC-MS for the analysis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with ng/L level LODs [59]. Compared to two-phase HF-LPME with only organic solvent employed, the developed method exhibited better extraction performance [59].
Using ILs as DLLME has attracted mor[r]

These scenarios have been carried out for three years. The calculation has been ex- tended a further two years. Fig. 9 shows that the differences in recovery scheme not only influence the expected concentration at the end of the recovery, but also the concentration two years after[r]

To develop and validate the determination method of nifedipine in drug - excipient compatibility testing samples by high performance liquid chromatography.

Conformational analyses by CD: studies of hCt and the analogues in aqueous buffer, pH 7.4
CD spectra of hCt and analogues 1–6 (Fig. 1A) were measured at concentrations of 5 l M where all peptides were found in preliminary CD concentrat[r]

4.4.6 Endocrine Disruption
Many reports published in recent years have raised concerns that certain persis- tent toxicants may be having adverse effects on wildlife, including birds and mam- mals, and on humans by disrupting the endocrine system. Some of the effe[r]

Principles of green chemistry• Catalysis and green chemistry• Ionic liquid as green solvent• Water as green solvent• Supercritical CO2 as green solvent• Chemistry in micro reactor• Microwaveassisted chemistry• Ultrasoundassisted chemistry• Renewable materials green energy• Seminars: During the semin[r]

The present investigation was carried out during winter season of 2018-19 at Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi (U.P.) in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Different mulching material such as Black polythene, White polythene, Sugarc[r]