GAIN AND NOISE IN ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIER (EDFA) - A RATE EQUATION APPROACH (REA)

We present a rate equation approach (REA) based on the propagation equations in single-mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs). Special attention is paid to the gain and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise as functions of position including the effects of some main parameters such as p[r]

This crosstalk phenomenon depends on the spontaneous emission lifetime from the high-energy to the low-energy state. If the lifetime is large enough compared to the rate of fluctuations of power in the input signals, the electrons cannot make the tra[r]

KẾT LUẬN
Nội dung quyển đồ án được thực hiện từ chương 1 đến chương 4. Trong chương 1, ta có cái nhìn tổng quát về kỹ thuật khuếch đại quang, đồng thời cũng nắm được các loại khuếch đại quang được sử dụng phổ biến hiện nay. Trong đó khuếch đại EDFA với những ưu điểm vượt trội của nó nên được s[r]

medical images are other examples [ 6 ] where additive Gaus- sian noise model fails.
Homomorphic transformation can sometimes be a rea- sonable way of converting signal-dependent or pure multi- plicative noise to an additive noise, which then can be filtered appropria[r]

Một số loại OFA tiêu biểu: • EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier: 1530nm – 1565nm • PDFAPraseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifier:1280nm– 1340nm • TDFA Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier: 1440nm -1520[r]

Crosstalk is a problem that can be present with neighbouring illuminated pixels that collect reflected or refracted light through lateral paths. Ideally, this should be avoided to minimize the degradation of pixels. Crosstalk can increase if integration density of pixel arrays is increased[r]

Gonze (1989) discussed the applications of ground freezing in underground projects. This technique is rarely considered in practice, because of the expenses involved in its implementation in the field, but can prove reliable and cost-effective when used appropri[r]

Problem 2 - From the values of the sources and sinks, and assuming they are constant in time, create a simple differential equation that gives the rate-of- change of atmospheric carbon [r]

Most radars are monostatic. That is, the radar transmitting and receiving antennas are literally the same antenna. There are some radars that are considered "monostatic" but have separate transmitting and receiving antennas that are co- located. In that case, equati[r]

Applications of Malliavin calculus to Monte Carlo methods in pricing interest rate derivatives
In this chapter we will apply Malliavin calculus in order to devise efficient Monte- Carlo methods for interest rate derivatives. The exotic product that we use in[r]

We consider the problem of minimizing transmission energy in wireless sensor networks by taking into account that every sensor may require a different bit rate and reliability according to its particular application. We propose a cross-layer approach to tackl[r]

Another argument for cascaded splitters deals with the benefit of saving money by using less fiber and lower fiber-count cabling. The lower cost of today’s fiber-optic cable has lessened this argument somewhat, but each deployment is different and, again, more impo[r]

Dispersion in single-mode optical fiber makes increase the bit error rate, limit speed and. transmission distance of network[r]

is a fuzzy norm on X .
Definition 1.4. (Bag and Samanta [53]) Let ( X, N ) be a fuzzy normed vector space. A sequence { x n } in X is said to be convergent or converge if there exists an x ∈ X such that
lim t→∞ N ( x n − x, t ) = 1 for all t > 0 . In