CHAPTER 073. ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL NUTRITION (PART 11) PPSX

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 11) Infectious Infections of the central access catheter rarely occur in the first 72 h. Fever during this period is usually from infection elsewhere or another cause. Fever that develops during PN can be addressed by checking the ca[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Part 4. Nutrition > Chapter 73. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy: Introduction The ability to provide specialized nutritional support (SNS) rep[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 13) Diarrhea Enteral feeding often leads to diarrhea, especially if bowel function is compromised by disease or drugs, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics. Diarrhea may be controlled by the use of a continuous drip, with a fiber-contain[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 2) Decision-making for the implementation of specialized nutrition support (SNS). CVC, central venous catheter; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter. (Adapted from previous chapter by Lyn Howard, MD.) The first step in deciding to a[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 4) Although PN was initially relatively expensive, its components are often less expensive than specialty enteral formulas. Percutaneous placement of a central venous catheter into the subclavian or internal jugular vein with advancement in[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 10) Table 73-8 Selected Metabolic Disturbances and Their Correction Disturbance Cause Corrective Action with PN Hyponatremia Increased total body water or decreased total body sodium Decrease free water or increase sodium Hypernatremia Occu[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 9) Complications Mechanical The insertion of a central venous catheter should be performed by trained and experienced personnel using aseptic techniques to limit the major common complications of pneumothorax and inadvertent arterial punct[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 8) Table 73-6 Parenteral Trace Metal Supplementation for Adultsa Trace Mineral Intake Zinc 2.5–4 mg/d, an additional 10–15 mg/d per L of stool or ileostomy output Copper 0.5–1.5 mg/d, possibility of retention in biliary tract obstruction M[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 7) Protein or Amino Acid Requirements Although the recommended dietary allowance for protein is 0.8 g/kg per d, maximal rates of repletion occur with 1.5 g/kg in the malnourished. In the severely catabolic patient, this higher level minimiz[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 6) Energy Requirements Total energy expenditure comprises resting energy expenditure (two-thirds) plus activity energy expenditure (one-third) (Chap. 72). Resting energy expenditure includes the calories necessary for basal metabolism at be[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 5) Disease-Specific Nutritional Support SNS is basically a support therapy and is primary therapy only for the treatment or prevention of malnutrition. Certain conditions require modification of nutritional support because of organ or syste[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 12) Table 73-10 Enteral Formulas Composition Characteristics Clinical Indications STANDARD ENTERAL FORMULA 1. Complete dietary products (+)a a. Caloric density 1 kcal/mL b. Protein ~14% cals, caseinates, Suitable for most patients requir[r]

Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 3) Efficacy of SNS in Different Disease States Efficacy studies have shown that malnourished patients undergoing major thoracoabdominal surgery benefit from SNS. Critical illness requiring ICU care including major burns, major trauma, sever[r]

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