This paper studies the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the temperature field during welding of K type pipe joint. Temperature variations at a point (node) in the heat source movement are examined. Using Gas Metal Arc Welding - GMAW, the welding method is now widely used in the fabrication of[r]
12.4.2 Analysis of Enzymatic PLA Depolymerization The experimental and analytical study of endogenous depolymerization is contin- ued to cover degradation of PLA [17, 18] . PLA used for the experiment was poly( l - lactide). Figure 12.10 shows the GPC patterns [r]
The staircase test parameters (starting stress, step size, and number of specimens) were then specified. For each specimen, the simulation calculated a random fatigue strength based on the specified underlying distribution and compared this value to the current stress level to determ[r]
Currently, there have not been very many attempts to compare the output of population exposure models with the results of personal exposure surveys. One problem is that few large-scale exposure surveys exist. Another problem is that surveys, because of limited time and fiscal bu[r]
In this paper, we presented a novel multi-strain TB model of variable-order fractional derivatives, which incorporates three strains: drug-sensitive, emerging multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), as an extension for multi-strain TB model of nonlinear ordinary differential[r]
The organization of this paper is as follows. We will introduce some lemmas and notations in the rest of this section. In Section 2 , we present the expression and properties of Green’s function associated with boundary value problem 1.5 . In Section 3 , we give some prelimi[r]
The general structure of this energy balance equation is: _ds_ _nl_ _in_ _S_ _S_ _S_ _S_ _F_ _V_ _t_ _F_ + ⋅∇ = = + + ∂ ∂ 1.1 Where _F_ƒ, _θ_; x, t is the two-dimensional wave spectrum, [r]
systems, the authors of this chapter have previously analyzed the dynamics and linear control of a variable viscoelasticity oscillator and have presented a generalization of the van der Pol equation using the VO differential equation formulation (Diaz & Coim[r]
[32] . In an fractional-order autonomous circuit, in analogy with integer-order autonomous circuit, the fractional-order elements have fixed order, but should allow capacitance or inductance to change online. The capacitance or inductance is also determined by other circuit parameters.[r]
7. Conclusions In this paper, we defined new equations corresponding to the complex systems described by the Nambu mechanics within the languages of the fractional di ff erential forms. It is shown that variation of the corresponding new action using fractional Lagrangia[r]
82 4.3.3.2 Bauhinia Kockiana Different from leaf 1, in leaf 2 which is a monocot leaf, the vein system consists of three main longitudinal veins of similar sizes. Therefore, the properties of the three veins are set to be the same. They are relatively thinner than the[r]
pp. 153–196, 1991. 9 J. Hale, Theory of Functional Di ff erential Equations, vol. 3 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2nd edition, 1977. 10 V. Lakshmikantham and S. Leela, Nonlinear Di ff erential Equations in Abstract Spaces, vol. 2 of Internati[r]
In this paper, the Legendre spectral-collocation method was applied to obtain approximate solutions for some types of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). The fractional derivative was described in the Caputo sense. Two different approaches were presented, in the first approach, necessary op[r]
The aim of this paper is of studying the stability of solution of a backward problem of a timefractional diffusion equation with perturbed order. We investigate the well-posedness of the backward problem with perturbed order for t>0.
Figure 1: Conceptual diagram of the time delay perspective of the fractional derivative. where a k ∈ Ê and τ k ∈ Ê are weight coefficients and the corresponding delays and r ∈ ℵ is the order of the approximation. Before continuing we must mention that, although based on[r]
The minimum tension occurs at θ = 0 deg T min = F H T min = 13.0 kip Problem 7-99 The cable is subjected to the triangular loading. If the slope of the cable at A is zero, determine the equation of the curve y = f ( x ) which defines the cable sh[r]
It is worthwhile mentioning that up to now integral equations of fractional order have only been studied in the space of real functions defined on a bounded interval. The result obtained in this paper generalizes several ones obtained earlier by many authors. In fact, our re[r]
u = f e r T e kx + k 2 t = 28 . 56 e 0 . 1×0 . 1667 e 4 . 85+0 . 0033 = 3722 . 36 In this particular example we have placed the boundary conditions at the extreme S values. This is because the α value which we selected does not give a very wide spread between maximum and minimum S . Normally we co[r]